Martin Davies-Roundhill · Books that made me
Martin
reading.
What made me.
A first-person map of the books, magazines, ideas and libraries that opened up the world for me.
01 / The beginning
Before I had a theory, I had Look and Learn.
When I was a child, I read Look and Learn extensively. It was probably the biggest single thing I read a lot of. It offered a child a wide world: science, history, animals, technology, geography and extraordinary facts, all arriving together before I had any neat division between subjects.
I also read boxes and boxes of science fiction. J. G. Ballard and Isaac Asimov were part of that early landscape. Those books mattered because they made science feel like wonder: not only a set of facts, but a way of imagining what the world was, what it might become and what kind of creatures we might be inside it.
02 / The paper world
I used the telephone book to order a wider world.
When I was at school, I used to come home, get out the telephone book and ring companies — usually car companies — saying that my dad was thinking of buying a new car. Could they please send me a catalogue?
They usually did. Over time I ended up with about three filing cabinets full of catalogues. I was not necessarily planning to buy the cars. I was curious about the vehicles, the pictures, the specifications and the promise of all the lives those brochures seemed to contain.
It was another form of reading: not books from the library, but the commercial world describing itself to a child.
03 / The library
The Essendon library was my after-school life.
I was not a very social person. I had no hobbies or sports. After school I would catch the bus to the Essendon library and spend two or three hours there, looking at books and reading everything I could get my hands on.
That kind of reading was not a programme. It was closer to wandering through a landscape. One book led to another, and the library made the world feel much larger than the life immediately around me.
04 / Mind and body
Psychology made the human world strange.
At school I read the complete Dictionary of American Psychology — about twelve volumes, as I remember it. It was fascinating because it opened up a huge vocabulary of psychological issues and types of experience. The mind became a field of possibilities, explanations and problems.
In Form Five I also read a book whose title I remember as something like Sexual Perversions. I remember its blunt opening line and the shock of reading, as a sixteen-year-old, about the range of sexual fetishes and sexual lives that existed in the world. It was important to me because it made diversity real. Human beings were not one narrow pattern.
05 / A disagreement
Kant showed me a mind I could not separate from the body.
In that same period, my Italian teacher — as I remember him, a committed communist — gave me Immanuel Kant. I read Kant and came away with a strong objection to the idea that the mind could simply rule the body: that reason could declare a situation acceptable while the body was telling us that it was not.
That was my reading and my interpretation, not a claim to have settled Kant. But it mattered. It helped me understand why I could not believe in left or socialist policies as I understood them at the time, and why any account of human life that split mind from body felt false.
06 / Finding a vocabulary
Ayn Rand helped me articulate selfishness.
When I was about twenty-one I was introduced to Ayn Rand, especially The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. I also read The Virtue of Selfishness. They were incredible books for me: not because they ended the argument, but because they gave shape to an understanding I had been carrying without being able to articulate.
Rand helped me say that selfishness could be a good thing — not merely greed, but the idea that a person’s own life, judgement and flourishing could be legitimate ends. Around then I also began to understand that the way the world works is not necessarily based on things being the best, or even apparently the best. A powerful book can change the question you think you are asking.
07 / What reading does not do
Being well-read does not make a person wise.
When I was young, I thought that if you could explain things, educate people and understand the world, people would make the right decisions. I have since learned that this is not how people or history work. People do not operate simply on what the right thing is.
Have all those books made me more successful? No. I have enjoyed myself, and there are certainly conversations where I can contribute a little knowledge because I have read a great deal. But being well-read does not make people better people, better judges, more moral or more ethical. It does not guarantee consistently better insight.
History makes the same point. We are told that if we do not know history, it will repeat itself. But we know history and still repeat it. A historical example may inform a decision, but there is no reason to assume that a decision based on history is necessarily better than one based on what we observe now.
Human beings are extraordinarily adaptable. Put a naked human being almost anywhere and we work things out. We do not need to have read ten thousand books before we can begin to live. Reading is valuable to me because it has been enjoyable, enlarging and sometimes clarifying — not because it reliably makes people do the right thing.
08 / The Audible shelf
The books I have finished listening to, for now.
Once the external Chrome account was properly signed in, Audible exposed a much fuller record than the first account view suggested: 96 finished audiobook titles across two library pages. This is a dated metadata snapshot from 23 September 2026, not a live feed. The separate Listening History also records the recent listening behind the shelf.
I am adding my responses to these books one title at a time, from memory and conversation, rather than inferring opinions from a platform record.
Show the 96 finished Audible titles
- A Short History of Nearly Everything 2.0: The bestselling popular science book of the 21st Century, now fully updated — Bill BrysonMartin's view: Bill Bryson was the first Bill Bryson book I'd read. I came to him quite late. I had just thought it would be rubbish, to be quite honest — popular stuff. However, when I did read it, it truly is a great book. He is obviously a keen-minded individual. He must have a tremendous team behind him. But that really, it was instinct, because he provides maybe the first comprehensive survey of everything that constituted everything.
- Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941 — William L. ShirerMartin's view: Mixed.
- Lincoln — David Herbert DonaldMartin's view: Interesting read in terms of giving a lot more understanding to the story of Lincoln.
- The Vicar of Wakefield — Oliver GoldsmithMartin's view: I can't remember much about it, except that it's a very early novel. That's why I read it: it was among that group of very early English novels.
- Benjamin Franklin: An American Life — Walter IsaacsonMartin's view: Walter Isaacson is my other favourite author. I think he did the Steve Jobs interview, and did he do Stephen Shakespeare? Anyway, he did someone else famous. I've read most of his. A tremendous author, with a really interesting style — very readable.
- Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder — Richard DawkinsMartin's view: Richard Dawkins is mixed for me. Some things I agree with very strongly. I think he shows great insight. But at other times I wonder exactly what he's thinking.
- Jude The Obscure — Thomas HardyMartin's view: Another very early classic novel, a sort of must-read. It's a hard read — a very depressing story about someone trapped by fate in terms of romance. Jude is a heroic figure, but perhaps principled to the point of extremes, where he does himself too much damage. Well written.
- Profitable Hotels and Motels: A Street-Smart Formula — Dilan De SilvaMartin's view: I read this when my son and I were looking at purchasing a couple of hospitality venues, motels and so forth. It's an extremely good book if you're interested in that: how to work it out, and all the different ways profitability can be impacted or tuned. It's a technical book for somebody's very specific purpose, but definitely one of the better books.
- Elon Musk — Walter IsaacsonMartin's view: Elon Musk is obviously a fascinating character and not a subject Isaacson could do badly with. Isaacson gives you insight into how people think, what their true motivations may be, and what may not be apparent. A very good read: great author, great topic.
- At Home: A Short History of Private Life — Bill BrysonMartin's view: Bill Bryson is a terrific author. His stuff is always so comprehensively researched, and there's so much new information that it's hard to put the book down. It's another tour de force by Bryson, and you come away having learned a lot. I love that he's able to find so much new and novel in our normal lives. He really does add to the richness of life.
- Neither Here, Nor There: Travels in Europe — Bill BrysonMartin's view: Another quite good book. I didn't enjoy it as much as some of his others, but once you taste Bill Bryson, you want to read everything.
- Steve Jobs: The Exclusive Biography — Walter IsaacsonMartin's view: Another terrific book by Isaacson. Steve Jobs is an absolutely fascinating story, and this is probably the best, most comprehensive account of him. You'll gain more insight into Steve Jobs from reading this book than from others, I suspect. Did Isaacson write an Einstein biography as well?
- Spies of No Country: Secret Lives at the Birth of Israel — Matti Friedman
- Hell's Angel: The Life and Times of Sonny Barger and the Hell's Angels Motorcycle Club — Sonny Barger
- Shakespeare: The World as a Stage — Bill Bryson
- Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. — Ron Chernow
- One Summer: America 1927 — Bill Bryson
- Mossad: The Greatest Missions of the Israeli Secret Service — Michael Bar-Zohar
- Lioness: Golda Meir and the Nation of Israel — Francine Klagsbrun
- Company of Liars — Karen Maitland
- The Outcasts of Time: A beautifully written trip through time — Ian Mortimer
- The Body: A Guide for Occupants — Bill Bryson
- Dolly Parton, Songteller: My Life in Lyrics — Dolly Parton
- Robinson Crusoe — Daniel Defoe
- Quarterly Essay 92: The Great Divide: Australia's Housing Mess and How to Fix It — Alan Kohler
- Napoleon the Great — Andrew Roberts
- The Early Middle Ages — Philip Daileader
- The Fall and Rise of China — Richard Baum
- Human Prehistory and the First Civilizations — Brian M. Fagan
- The Other Side of History: Daily Life in the Ancient World — Robert Garland
- The Call of the Wild — Jack London
- Heart of Darkness: A Signature Performance by Kenneth Branagh — Joseph Conrad
- Travel by Bullet: The Dispatcher, Book 3 — John Scalzi
- Intellectuals and Race — Thomas Sowell
- No Excuses: Existentialism and the Meaning of Life — Robert C. Solomon
- Middlemarch — George Eliot
- End in Tears: A Chief Inspector Wexford Mystery, Book 20 — Ruth Rendell
- An Economic History of the World since 1400 — Donald J. Harreld
- The Queen — Andrew Morton
- The Iceman: The True Story of a Cold-Blooded Killer — Anthony Bruno
- Maverick: A Biography of Thomas Sowell — Jason L Riley
- Henry VIII: King and Court — Alison Weir
- Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One — Thomas Sowell
- The Thomas Sowell Reader — Thomas Sowell
- The Empty Raincoat: Making Sense of the Future — Charles Handy
- Heiresses — Laura Thompson
- Blitzed: Drugs in Nazi Germany — Norman Ohler
- This is Your Brain on Music: Understanding a Human Obsession — Daniel Levitin
- Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! — Richard P. Feynman
- Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires — Selwyn Raab
- The Cartiers: The Untold Story of the Family Behind the Jewelry Empire — Francesca Cartier Brickell
- Vanderbilt: The Rise and Fall of an American Dynasty — Anderson Cooper
- The Doors of Perception — Aldous Huxley
- 366 Days in Abraham Lincoln's Presidency: The Private, Political, and Military Decisions of America's Greatest President — Stephen Wynalda
- Onassis: An Extravagant Life — Frank Brady
- Great Contemporaries — Winston Churchill
- The Dispatcher — John Scalzi
- Elon Musk: How the Billionaire CEO of SpaceX and Tesla is Shaping our Future — Ashlee Vance
- Churchill: The Power of Words — Sir Winston Churchill
- The River War — Winston Churchill
- My Early Life — Winston Churchill
- Reagan — Brett Harper
- On Human Nature: Revised Edition — Edward O. Wilson
- Great Expectations — Charles Dickens
- A Tale of Two Cities: The Audible Dickens Collection — Charles Dickens
- The Sisters — Dervla McTiernan
- Bleak House — Charles Dickens
- Dismantling America — Thomas Sowell
- Black Rednecks and White Liberals — Thomas Sowell
- Sherlock Holmes: The Definitive Collection — Stephen Fry - introductions
- The Story of Human Language — John McWhorter
- The Age of Revolution: A History of the English Speaking Peoples, Volume III — Sir Winston Churchill
- The New World: A History of the English Speaking Peoples, Volume II — Sir Winston Churchill
- Intellectuals and Society — Thomas Sowell
- Charles Dickens: A Life — Claire Tomalin
- Blood Red Snow: The Memoirs of a German Soldier on the Eastern Front — Günter K. Koschorrek
- The Birth of Britain: A History of the English Speaking Peoples, Volume I — Sir Winston Churchill
- The Secret Life of the Savoy: And the D'Oyly Carte Family — Olivia Williams
- The Count of Monte Cristo — Alexandre Dumas
- UGLY: A Bikie's Life — Phillip Mawson
- Orwell Collection: Animal Farm & 1984 — George Orwell
- H.G. Wells: The Science Fiction Collection — H. G. Wells
- A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Future: Twists and Turns and Lessons Learned — Michael J. Fox
- Philosophy: Who Needs It — Ayn Rand
- Decision Points — George W. Bush
- Churchill — Roy Jenkins
- Margaret Thatcher: The Autobiography — Margaret Thatcher
- Atlas Shrugged — Ayn Rand
- The Fountainhead — Ayn Rand
- The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill, Volume 3: Defender of the Realm, 1940-1965 — William Manchester
- Rather His Own Man — Geoffrey Robertson
- Lazarus Rising — John Howard
- Humankind: A Hopeful History — Rutger Bregman
- A Bigger Picture — Malcolm Turnbull
- The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity — Douglas Murray
- Everybody Lies — Seth Stephens-Davidowitz
Show the 188 Audible purchase records (184 distinct title names)
This second record was checked against Audible Australia's calendar-year Purchase History on 24 September 2026. It contains 188 audiobook-title orders and 184 distinct title names; credit-bundle transactions are excluded. Twenty-five titles also appear on the 96-title Finished snapshot by exact title. Audible shows no purchase date for two 2025 entries, M Train and Age of Iron. Two order records, Scientist and The Insider, were returned and are marked below. An order is not proof that a book was finished, so these purchase records remain distinct from the Finished snapshot.
- — The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Edward Gibbon
- — A Field Guide to Lucid Dreaming — Dylan Tuccillo, Jared Zeizel, Thomas Peisel
- — A Little History of the World — E. H. Gombrich
- — Biology: The Science of Life — Stephen Nowicki, The Great Courses
- — The Masterpiece — Émile Zola
- — Understanding the Secrets of Human Perception — Peter M. Vishton, The Great Courses
- — Journeys In English — Bill Bryson
- — Down Under — Bill Bryson
- — End of a Berlin Diary — William L. Shirer
- — A Primate's Memoir — Robert M Sapolsky
- — Linux for Beginners — Jason Cannon
- — UNIX Operating System Success in a Day — Sam Key
- — Biology and Human Behavior: The Neurological Origins of Individuality, 2nd Edition — Robert Sapolsky, The Great Courses
- — The Chimes — Charles Dickens
- — Leonardo Da Vinci — Walter Isaacson
- — The Immortal Game — David Shenk
- — A Short History of Nearly Everything 2.0 — Bill Bryson
- — Invention — James Dyson
- — The Collapse of the Third Republic — William L. Shirer
- — Liquid Rules — Mark Miodownik
- — The Mind Electric — Pria Anand
- — Berlin Diary — William L. Shirer
- — Lights On — Annaka Harris
- — The World in Six Songs — Daniel Levitin
- — Memories, Dreams, Reflections — C. G. Jung
- — Mysteries of Modern Physics: Time — Sean Carroll, The Great Courses
- — Lincoln — David Herbert Donald
- — A Brief History of Intelligence — Max Bennett
- — Unruly — David Mitchell
- — Hitch-22 — Christopher Hitchens
- — The Vicar of Wakefield — Oliver Goldsmith
- — The Ultimate Beginners Guide for App Programming and Development — Neo Monefa
- — When Men Behave Badly — David M. Buss
- — The Evolution of Desire — David M. Buss
- — The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin — Benjamin Franklin
- — The Singularity is Nearer — Ray Kurzweil
- — Art Sex Music — Cosey Fanni Tutti
- — Benjamin Franklin: An American Life — Walter Isaacson
- — Nietzsche — Michael Tanner
- — Disinformation — Prof. Ronald J. Rychlak, Lt. Gen. Ion Mihai Pacepa
- — The Edgar Allan Poe Complete Works Collection - Stories, Poems, Novels, and Essays — Edgar Allan Poe
- — How Life Works — Philip Ball
- — The Art of Public Speaking: Lessons from the Greatest Speeches in History — John R. Hale, The Great Courses
- — Money — Émile Zola
- — Goddess of the Market — Jennifer Burns
- — Alzheimer’s and Dementia for Dummies — Consumer Dummies
- — Unweaving the Rainbow — Richard Dawkins
- — Determined — Robert M. Sapolsky
- — M Train — Patti Smith
- — Age of Iron — Jez Cajiao
- — Made in America — Bill Bryson
- — Germinal — Émile Zola
- — La Bête Humaine [The Beast Within] (English Edition) — Émile Zola
- — Profitable Hotels and Motels — Dilan De Silva
- — Hawk of May — Gillian Bradshaw
- — Elon Musk — Walter Isaacson, Walter Isaacson - introduction
- — L'Assommoir [The Drinking Den] — Émile Zola
- — The Belly of Paris — Émile Zola, Ernest Alfred Vizetelly - translator
- — The Complete Sherlock Holmes — Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
- — At Home: A Short History of Private Life — Bill Bryson
- — The Soul — Paul Ham
- — Notes From a Big Country — Bill Bryson
- — The Life & Times of the Thunderbolt Kid — Bill Bryson
- — Australia's Most Infamous Jail — James Phelps
- — Misbehaving — Richard H. Thaler
- — Influence, New and Expanded — Robert B. Cialdini
- — The Laws of Human Nature — Robert Greene
- — A Fortunate Universe — Geraint F. Lewis, Luke A. Barnes
- — A Brief History of Time — Stephen Hawking
- — Neither Here, Nor There — Bill Bryson
- — Steve Jobs — Walter Isaacson
- — Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World — Jack Weatherford
- — Shakespeare — Judi Dench
- — The Road to Little Dribbling — Bill Bryson, Richard Digance
- — The Seven Sins of Memory — Daniel L. Schacter
- — Leviathan — Thomas Hobbes
- — The Blank Slate — Steven Pinker
- — Notes From a Small Island — Bill Bryson
- — Hell's Angel — Sonny Barger
- — Shakespeare — Bill Bryson
- — The Path of Freemasonry — Mark Stavish, Arturo de Hoyos - introduction, Lon Milo DuQuette - introduction
- — Remember — Lisa Genova
- — The Coming Wave — Mustafa Suleyman, Michael Bhaskar
- — The Great Mortality — John Kelly
- — Titan — Ron Chernow
- — The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich — William L. Shirer
- — The Charles Dickens Collection: 10 Novels — Charles Dickens
- — The Big Picture — Sean Carroll
- — The Five Love Languages: The Secret to Love That Lasts — Gary Chapman
- — One Summer — Bill Bryson
- — Gideon's Spies — Gordon Thomas
- — Sapiens — Yuval Noah Harari
- — Mossad — Michael Bar-Zohar, Nissim Mishal
- — Bibi — Benjamin Netanyahu
- — Three Times a Countess — Tina Gaudoin
- — Being There — Jerzy Kosinski
- — Company of Liars — Karen Maitland
- — The Outcasts of Time — Ian Mortimer
- — Building a Better Vocabulary — Kevin Flanigan, The Great Courses
- — The Body — Bill Bryson
- — Gulliver's Travels — Jonathan Swift
- — Robinson Crusoe — Daniel Defoe
- — Napoleon the Great — Andrew Roberts
- — The Other Side of History: Daily Life in the Ancient World — Robert Garland, The Great Courses
- — The Voice to Parliament Handbook — Thomas Mayo, Kerry O'Brien
- — Chemistry and Our Universe — Ron B. Davis, The Great Courses
- — Being Human: Life Lessons from the Frontiers of Science — Robert Sapolsky, The Great Courses
- — The History of the Ancient World — Susan Wise Bauer
- — The Canterbury Tales — Geoffrey Chaucer, Nevill Coghill - translator
- — Shakespeare: The Complete Works — William Shakespeare
- — Paradise Lost — John Milton
- — A Shadow on the Glass — Ian Irvine
- — The Vision of the Anointed — Thomas Sowell
- — Knowledge and Decisions — Thomas Sowell
- — Maverick — Jason L Riley
- — The Bettencourt Affair — Tom Sancton
- — The Thomas Sowell Reader — Thomas Sowell
- — The Empty Raincoat — Charles Handy
- — Heiresses — Laura Thompson
- — Blitzed — Norman Ohler, Shaun Whiteside - translator
- — This is Your Brain on Music — Daniel Levitin
- — The Hebrew Bible — Robert Alter
- — The Cartiers — Francesca Cartier Brickell
- — Vanderbilt — Anderson Cooper, Katherine Howe
- — Total Recall — Arnold Schwarzenegger
- — Great Contemporaries — Winston Churchill
- — Elon Musk — Ashlee Vance
- — Churchill — Sir Winston Churchill, Martin Gilbert
- — The River War — Winston Churchill
- — My Early Life — Winston Churchill
- — On Human Nature: Revised Edition — Edward O. Wilson
- — Scientist — Richard Rhodes Audible marks this order returned.
- — The Human Instinct — Kenneth R. Miller
- — Sherlock Holmes: The Definitive Collection — Stephen Fry - introductions, Arthur Conan Doyle
- — The Age of Revolution — Sir Winston Churchill
- — Stalin — Simon Sebag Montefiore
- — The New World — Sir Winston Churchill
- — Charles Dickens — Claire Tomalin
- — Lifespan — Dr David A. Sinclair
- — Blood Red Snow — Günter K. Koschorrek
- — The Birth of Britain — Sir Winston Churchill
- — The Dictionary of Lost Words — Pip Williams
- — UGLY — Paul Fenech, Phillip Mawson, Jordan King-Lacroix
- — Heroes — Stephen Fry
- — Mythos — Stephen Fry
- — I Can't Make This Up — Neil Strauss - contributor, Kevin Hart
- — A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Future — Michael J. Fox
- — The Righteous Mind — Jonathan Haidt
- — The Aristotle Collection — Aristotle
- — Philosophy — Ayn Rand
- — Decision Points — George W. Bush
- — Lucy in the Sky: The New Age of Space Travel — Lucy Hawking
- — Ayn Rand Answers — Ayn Rand
- — Working Class Boy — Jimmy Barnes
- — Soldiers of Science — Alan Alda, Kate Rope
- — 10 Books That Screwed Up the World — Benjamin Wiker
- — Greenlights — Matthew McConaughey
- — William Blake: Essential Poems — William Blake
- — Complete Shakespeare Tales — William Shakespeare, Edith Nesbit
- — The Complete Sonnets of William Shakespeare — William Shakespeare
- — Return of the Primitive — Ayn Rand, Peter Schwartz
- — Love Is Not Enough — Mark Manson
- — Churchill — Roy Jenkins
- — Margaret Thatcher: The Autobiography — Margaret Thatcher
- — The Greatest Speeches of All Time — SpeechWorks
- — Atlas Shrugged — Ayn Rand
- — The Fountainhead — Ayn Rand
- — Scrublands — Chris Hammer
- — The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill, Volume 3 — William Manchester, Paul Reid
- — SPQR — Mary Beard
- — Nut Jobs — Marc Fennell
- — Rather His Own Man — Geoffrey Robertson
- — The Insider — Christopher Pyne Audible marks this order returned.
- — How Not to F*ck Up Your Marriage Too Bad — Stephen Marche
- — How Not to F*ck Up Your Kids Too Bad — Stephen Marche
- — Hijacked Histories — Dominic Sandbrook
- — Lazarus Rising — John Howard
- — Fry's English Delight (Series 2) — Stephen Fry
- — Fry's English Delight (Series 1) — Stephen Fry
- — Sleeping with David Baddiel — Geoff Jein
- — Humankind — Rutger Bregman
- — A Bigger Picture — Malcolm Turnbull
- — Behave — Robert M Sapolsky
- — The Idiot Brain — Dean Burnett
- — The Madness of Crowds — Douglas Murray
- — Stephen Fry's Victorian Secrets — Stephen Fry, John Woolf, Nick Baker
- — Fry's English Delight (Series 1) — Stephen Fry
- — Everybody Lies — Seth Stephens-Davidowitz
09 / Still reading
A reading life, in selected moments.
This is not a canon or a complete account of everything I have read. They are remembered points of force: magazines, catalogues, science fiction, public libraries, psychology, sex, Kant and Rand. Each opened a door, even where I later disagreed with what was behind it.
I want this page to grow by recollection rather than by pretending that a platform account can explain a life of reading.
Audible snapshot — 23 September 2026: the external Chrome account exposes a Finished library of 96 audiobook titles, listed above as a dated metadata snapshot. The consolidated purchase-history extract adds 188 purchase events across 2019–2026, representing 184 distinct titles. Audible's separate Listening History also shows recent books and listening dates. These are platform records, not a complete account of everything Martin has read, and a purchase does not by itself prove completion.
Read the short post drafts ↗ Read Martin's wider intellectual influences ↗